In the 20th century, coffee became a global commodity, creating different coffee cultures around the world. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. The Yemenis procured the coffee beans from the Ethiopian Highlands and began cultivation. Even though the origin of coffee drinking is obscure, there is credible evidence of coffee drinking in the form of the modern beverage and it appears in modern-day Yemen from the mid-15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were probably first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to current methods. Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. The seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. Kingdom of Kaffa, (in modern-day Ethiopia) Ĭoffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans.
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